Describe the performance of characteristics of eggs Essay Example for Free

Describe the performance of characteristics of eggs Essay Egg white and yolk contain protein. Ovalbumin is present in egg white, however globulin and albumin are also present in a very small amount. Whereas egg yolk contains protein in the form of lipoproteins, which are a combination of proteins and lipids. The most important complex lipid in egg yolk is lecithin. Lecithin gives the egg yolk the properties of a stable emulsion. The fat molecules in the egg yolk are held in an emulsion by lecithin. Eggs have three main performance characteristics and they a coagulation, which includes setting, binding, coating, thickening, enriching and glazing, secondly they can be whisked to create foams and aerate mixtures and called aeration and lastly emulsifiers. Coagulation is the process in which proteins change from their natural liquid state into a gel or a solid. This happens because each protein molecule is constructed from long chains of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. The bonds are weak and when heat, acid or mechanical action is applied they start to break. The changes are permanent. When the protein changes it physical structure when it coagulates is called denaturation. Syneresis can occur when the egg is overcooked. This is when the texture becomes porous as the protein shrinks and pockets of water are left in the product. Between 60-65C is the temperature which egg whites start to coagulate and the result of this the egg white changes appearance from transparent like to white and the texture will be from gel like to solid texture. Egg yolk starts to coagulate at a higher temperature than egg white, it begins coagulating at 65C and finish at 70C. From the darker yellow appearance of the egg yolk it will turn into a lighter yellow yolk and from runny yolk it can go to powdery solid yolk. There are a number of factors that will affect coagulation. A firmer set can be achieved at a lower temperature if an acid such as lemon juice is added. A looser set and higher coagulation temperature is achieved by the addition of sugar to the mixture. The quantity of egg yolk determines the strength of the set mixture. A higher proportion of egg yolks or whole eggs will produce firmer or thicker custard. A low heat achieves gentle heat transference, which produce perfect conditions for a coagulation. Aeration is when egg white is whisked. Foam is formed when air is dispersed through the liquid egg white. Egg whites can be aerated due to the ability of the ovalbu, in to stretch and hold air. When egg whites is whisked the proteins are denatures and uncoil. This forms a 3D air / liquid structure that can hold air when folded into food mixtures. The foam is stable but its properties can be affected by the use of additional ingredients or conditions. First factor that can affect foam formation is salt. It decreases the pH of the egg white and this increases the resistance to foam, so the time taken to foam is increased. It gives the foam more stable and it enhances the flavour. Second factor is sugar. Sugar interferes with the bonds that form as the egg whites uncoil. Therefore the whisking time is increased and the resulting foam is denser, however the foam is more stable. This factor is commonly used for meringues. Fat affects foam formation. Fat such as egg yolk prevents new bonds being formed in the structure. Fourthly alkalis will increase the pH of the foam, decreasing the foaming time but making the foam stable. Lastly will be acids. Acids such as tartaric and acetic will soften the foam. Because the fat in the egg yolk, it inhibits the aeration recipes are usually for egg whites. However sponge cakes do use whole eggs. They are whisked with sugar over a pan of hot water (double boiler method) it works because the whisking action causes the proteins to denature and the heat causes coagulate resulting in stable form. Emulsion is formed when one liquid is dispersed in the small droplets into a second liquid with which it will not normally mix. Egg yolk has emulsification properties, which means it has the ability to hold large quantities of fat in an emulsion. Lecithin is present in egg yolk, which has a hydrophobic (water hating) component and hydrophilic (water loving) component. Eggs have many other functions. An egg can give additional thickness to sauces; it can also be use as binding and coating agent. Eggs can also be used as an egg washed or sometimes called glazing and commonly used for the top of pastries and breads. It also add colour and enrichment.

Weapons of the Civil War: Why Did The North Win? Essay -- essays resea

Weapons of the Civil War: Why Did The North Win?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Battles have been fought since the dawn of time. Weapons have gradually become more technological and sophisticated each and every time. People learn from their mistakes, as did the Indians in the late 1700s, as well as the Confederate troops from the Civil War. The Union was victorious in this war for freedom, and to this day, the north is more the heart of the country’s economy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Weapons have been around from the Neanderthals of the post-ice age, to the Taliban in Afghanistan. Rocks became knives, sticks became spears, and bayonets became AK-47’s. The technology from the French and Indian War was revolutionized and manufactured by the newly opened weaponry companies. Colt and Winchester had a new end of the market during the times of conflict in the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The First Modern War was a battle of brothers vs. brothers, north vs. south. Weapons proved effective throughout this war, with over 620,000 deaths related to artillery wounds (Bender 24). The north had the advantage. With a plentiful supply of factories and skilled workers, the north was far ahead of the game in the race of manufacturing. New technologies such as submarines, multiple-shot weapons, and exploding bullets aided the northern manufacturing economy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Handguns played a major role in the Civil War as far as weaponry was concerned. For instance, the most popular sidearm in the Union army was the Colt Army model 1860, which was a .36 caliber. The Army model 1860 was remodeled after the 1848 Dragoon, which was used in the Mexican War. The Colt model 1860 was a .44 caliber six shot weapon weighing two pounds eleven ounces. During the Civil War, more than 146,800 Colt revolvers were purchased. This made up more than 40 percent of all the handguns bought by the government at that time. In 1851, the .36 caliber revolver was produced by Colt. Colt then sold approximately 215,000 navy models, as they were called. The Star Revolver was a .44 caliber, six shot, double action weapon, which weighed approximately three pounds. 25,000 revolvers were then sold to the government for twelve dollars each. The Figure Eight Revolver was built especially for Civil War use. More than 12,000 of these revolvers were sold to the United S tates Government in the early war from Great Britain. The most popular pistol was the Le Mat Revo... ...dified form (the mini-gun)† (Stewart 67).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the American Civil War, the north proved victorious and superior to the south. The Union had the power and wealth, and, â€Å"he who has the money has the power† proved so as the north defeated the south and embraced the trophy of power. There were many key factors in this accomplishment, the factories, the money, the resources, the commanders, the manpower, the skill and determination, but most importantly, the weapons. Works Cited Bender, David L. The Civil War: The North.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  California: Gayle Books, 2001 Davis, William D. The Blue and the Grey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Illinois: Publishers International LTD, 1996. Olmstead, Edwin. The Big Guns: Civil War Siege.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Connecticut: Seacoast and Naval Cannon, 1997. Pikes, Joe Brown. The Civil War Society’s â€Å"Civil War Dictionary†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Seattle: Civil War Society, 1999 Ripley, Warren. Artillery and Ammunition of the Civil War.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York: McCormick Press Inc, 1984. Stewart, Gail B. Weapons of War.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York: Lucent Books, 2000. "Weapons of the Civil War" December 7, 2001,. Online. Internet. February 14, 2002.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.instaweb.com/p/pmoade/weapons.htm

Pest Analysis of Tyre Industry

PEST ANALYSIS OF TIRE INDUSTRY Tire Market in India is growing strongly and their production increasing from every year. In 2005, there were 40 tire manufacturing companies working in India which was consisted of major big brands in tire industry such as Good year, MRF, Falcon Tires and Bridge stones etc. we apply pest analysis on this market to check at what extent political, economical, technological and social factors are affecting this tire industry in India. POLITICAL: The government policy is much favored too local manufactures as said by the managing director of Goodyear India in 2005 that the tire market in India was almost exclusively dominated by local players and 90% of all tires on the Indian market were made and sold by the local Indian companies so Big companies like Good year, Michelin etc are hardly visible in India Tire Industry â€Å"Indianized† Government is providing more leverage to the local market that the foreign tire companies coming towards India. In 1926, when big giants in tire manufacturing like Dunlop, American firestone, Goodyear and Italian Ceat had much capital started their production plant in India than this had been a big treat for the local tire market. So Indian Government Immediately took an action and made a policy that if any foreign tire manufacturing company wanted to start their tire business in India than they had to act as locally and their names also seemed like locally such as Dunlop changed into Dunlop India and from Goodyear to Goodyear India. This â€Å"Indianized† process speeded up with the acquisition of most of the subsidiaries of foreign companies that operated in India: Firestone was bought by Modis in the early 1980s and Ceat and Dunlop were taken oven by RPG. Agreements with other foreign companies: There are many contracts and agreement of Indian companies with other foreigner companies which are as follows: * Under the Bangkok agreement, car and two wheelers tires were imported from china and South Korea at 10 percent custom duty. These imported tires had an average price 30 percent lower than tires sold by Indian companies. Some Indian companies like Apollo and JK tires tried to collaborate with Chinese companies in order to jointly produce cross ply tires. * In 1984, there was a agreement between the Indian and Japanese companies to get the model of Maruti 800 from Japanese company. * Ford and Dacia Logan are soon to be manufacture under the agreement by the Indian company with the foreign companies. ECONOMICAL: Growth of tire industry: The tire industry is growing in India day by day. In 1926, first tires were made by British company Dunlop. This gave rise to flourish of tire industry in India. When Cross ply tires were first introduced than 65 % of tire sales in India were covered by cross ply tires. But with the introduction of radial tire, radial tires represented 85% of car tire sales by volume. All the tire manufacturing companies are increasing their shares because tire industry in India is grooming with every year. In 2005, MRF, Apollo and JK tires had a tough competition and had a tough competition between them. Increases price of raw material: The prices of natural rubber and petroleum, which are essential components for the manufacturing of tires, becoming higher and higher which is badly effecting the tire manufacturing industry. TECHNOLOGY: SOCIAL:

A Brief Note On Vehicular Networks And The Future Of The...

In the paper â€Å"Vehicular networks and the future of the mobile internet† by Mario Gerla and Leonard Kleinrock, the authors identify the urban Internet infrastructure role that a network of vehicle grids can support with applications that range from email and voice over IP to emergency operations in case of natural disaster, terrorist attacks or other events that can disrupt the operation of wired networks. The vehicle grid components (radios, access points, spectrum, standards and others) constitute the concept of VANET (Vehicle Adhoc Network) and they are going to be use in the build of car-to-car applications. There are a lot of emerging applications that are taking advantage of the VANET. The focus of this paper is to review the role of the Internet Infrastructure in supporting vehicular applications. The main different between the VANET and MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Networks) is that in VANET the wired Internet Infrastructure is accessible and omnipresent via Wi-Fi, DSRC, WiMAX, 3G, LTE. A usual practice of considering the wireless network an extensions attached by a edge gateways is becoming non economical and instead the use of mesh networks, overlays and virtualization is been considered as a viable option to connect the services on the internet backbone. The paper examines the emerging application that can be provided and the vehicle oriented internet services. These have been the first steps towards mobile vehicle architecture. Most of the investigation already performedShow MoreRelatedBusiness in Singapore30736 Words   |  123 PagesGlobalisation Stages and Risk Issues - Singapore Insurance Market INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY - Copyright - Trademarks - Patents - Industrial Designs - Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights SINGAPORE INFO-COMM TECHNOLOGY LANDSCAPE - Fibre Broadband - Fixed-Mobile Convergence - Cloud Computing 15 52 21 59 63 27 66 30 33 39 2 DOING BUSINESS IN SINGAPORE FOREWORD Singapore as your Anchor in Asia For many years, our Guide to Doing Business in Singapore has been wellRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesreserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2